Police Brutality Of African Americans - 1405 Words

In recent years police brutality towards African Americans has increased. This violence has resulted in riots across the United States. The August 2014 death of Michael Brown in Ferguson, Missouri many Americans, some who are former Civil Rights activists, have spoken out against police brutality. Black Lives Matter states that the movement’s goal is to bring justice to the present unjust police killings of African Americans. Looking at prior cases of brutality and its connection to racial profiling, such as the police shooting of Ronald Stokes in 1962, has led many activists in America to connect these past issues to the current events. FBI director James Comey in 2015 stated, â€Å"Police officers on patrol in our nation’s cities often work in environments where a hugely disproportionate percentage of street crime is committed by young men of color.† Many like Comey, have suggested that police brutality and profiling cease to exist; however, this is far from the truth. As violence towards African Americans increases yearly, the relevance of the past displays the evidence of how the issue is relevant in the present. To understand police violence towards African Americans, the American public must look into past cases of brutality to inform society’s perspective in the present and into the future. Currently, many citizens in the United States believe that racial profiling and police brutality does not exist. The actual truth is quite the opposite as a rise in African AmericanShow MoreRelatedPolice Brutality Of African Americans2187 Words   |  9 PagesAs I was conducting research about police brutality I came up with three questions I wanted to find out. I wanted to know what race group is affected by police brutality the most, why they were affected by this the most and what to do to stop police brutality involving shooting civilian. This Paper talk about how police brutality is a major issue in America right now. There’s many different types of police brutality but police officers killing civilians is something that is issue in our nation currentlyRead MorePolice Brutality Of African Americans1140 Words   |  5 PagesValentin May 16 2016 Mrs.Morris English IV Police Brutality Police ruthlessness against african americans have been among us for a considerable length of time . from slave days until the 20 century . Every last one of those passings of these youthful african americans have brought about a great deal of hurt and agony to a considerable measure of families. The most well-known killings in the unified states have been activated upon african americans. The vast majority of these killings are causeRead MorePolice Brutality Against African Americans1997 Words   |  8 PagesThese were some of the last words from victims of police brutality against African Americans. Police brutality has been occurring ever since the police force began, but recently, the police have been targeting African Americans. In 2016, more than 250 African Americans were killed by the police. Most of the victims were unarmed and have not committed a serious offense. These frightening statistics do not have to continue. If the average American recognized the severity of the i ssue and raised theirRead MorePolice Brutality : An African American Man902 Words   |  4 PagesPolice Brutality By Kofi Owusu-Mensah 8/31/15 Cycle Day 2 Period 3 This is why I do not think these Police Brutality cases involve racism. In the past year, there have been 4 notable cases where an african american man or woman was treated with excessive force by police. Sandra Bland, Eric Garner, and Walter Scott. Sandra Bland was a woman who failed to signal a lane change and ended up dead in a jail cell. Eric Garner was a man who refused to follow directions from police, was suffocatedRead MorePolice Brutality Against African Americans1997 Words   |  8 PagesPolice Brutality against African Americans From over 300 years African Americans have struggled from being taken from their homeland to being forced into slavery. They regained their so-called ‘Freedom’ but were never quite equal with all. African Americans have been fighting for equality for years and have had multiple leaders bring attention to the issues like Martin Luther King Junior forming marches to Rosa Parks refusing to get up from her seat for a White person. In this day of age AfricanRead MorePolice Brutality Against African Americans1358 Words   |  6 PagesPolice brutality against African Americans is nothing new in today’s society. Twenty five years after the beating of Rodney King in Los Angeles, Trayvon Martin, Michael Brown, Tamir Rice, Eric Garner, and countless other unarmed African American men and women have become victims of police officers. Riots and protests in places like Ferguson, Baltimore and Cleveland have garnered the issue and unprecedented amount of attention, especially i n the media. It has also caused an outcry among the AmericanRead MorePolice Brutality Against African Americans Essay1500 Words   |  6 Pages Police brutality against African Americans was a huge impact in Los Angeles, California in 1991, and continues to be a problematic situation in America today. On March 3, 1991, a group of white LAPD beat Rodney King. After this incident occurred a lot of negative events started to transpire. A lot of African Americans were angry and demanded justice. The relationship between the LAPD and the Los Angeles community in 1991 were horrific and still continues to be awful today. Police brutality justRead MorePolice Brutality Against African Americans1972 Words   |  8 Pagesbad cops who kill for no reason. Police brutality against African Americans have been increasing over the past couple of years. Proper training of law enforcers and better education to the community will help ensure some of these incidents would not end with a life lost. à ¢â‚¬Å"Police need to learn more than logistics of policing but also the broader significance of their role in society† (Police Need Better). In this statement it is saying that yes, the job of the police to enforce the law, but also toRead MorePolice Brutality Within The African American Community1265 Words   |  6 PagesAsad Bidiwala RHE 306 August 13, 2015 Police Brutality within the African-American Community The specific audience of my argumentation is the racially ignorant white populations that refuse to acknowledge the idea that police brutality towards the African-American race is evident amongst our society. The racially ignorant white population assumes that police brutality is used as a defense mechanism rather than an appeal to racism towards African-Americans. This hostile audience becomes uncomfortableRead MoreAfrican Americans : The Primary Victims Of Police Brutality1188 Words   |  5 PagesStates, studies have shown that minority citizens, particularly African Americans, are the primary victims of police brutality. This use of excessive force, when utilized by law enforcement officers, encompasses a wide range of abusive practices – racial slurs, profanity, unnecessary searches, physical abuse, and even murder. According to a report by the Malcolm X Grassroots Movement, 313 African Americans were killed without trial by police, security guards, and vigilantes in 201 2. In other words, one

Communication in care settings Free Essays

This piece of work is about two main theories and they are Tuckman’s theory and Egan’s theory (SOLER). Also the effects of communication on care workers and service users. This will be explained in more detail. We will write a custom essay sample on Communication in care settings or any similar topic only for you Order Now Communication cycle- is very important in our lives, there are lots of ways to communicate nowadays and the list becomes bigger each day. There are lots of ways to communicate but the main structure of the cycle is still the same as it was. First it’s you express yourself then you listen and hear, then they express ones feelings then they listen and hear. And then it goes round like a cycle. http://www.surrey.ac.uk/Skills/pack/enc.html Tuckman’s theory- This stage was developed in 1965’s and the last stage was added in the 1970’s. There are 5 stages and they are forming, storming, norming, and performing. Forming is when the individual themselves is very nervous, scared to show their real feelings so they may just agree with someone to kind of ‘make them happy’. In this stage the individual doesn’t show their personality as they may not feel comfortable round others in their group. http://www.businessballs.com/tuckmanformingstormingnormingperforming.htm The second stage is storming at this stage the individual start to show their real feelings and their personality starts to show. This is because they start to relax and be comfortable around others in their group. Also others in the group may start to have conflict were they have different opinions about ideas, and they don’t agree on others about their ideas. The third stage is norming at this stage individuals start to relax and become more comfortable around others in their group. Also it’s when they get ideas to together and agrees on one, and individuals then start to know what is accepted from them and start to get on with what they have to do within the group. The fourth stage is when all individuals in the group know what their role is in the group and start to work towards their own goals. Then they work together to get the task finish that was set. Sentence and Verbal Communication iframe class="wp-embedded-content" sandbox="allow-scripts" security="restricted" style="position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);" src="https://phdessay.com/sentence-and-verbal-communication/embed/#?secret=ioh8jD6rUx" data-secret="ioh8jD6rUx" width="500" height="282" title="#8220;Sentence and Verbal Communication#8221; #8212; Free Essays - PhDessay.com" frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no"/iframe The fifth stage and the last stage was added after in 1977 and that was called adjourning is when the tasks is finished with a positive outcome, and then the group breaks up and everything has been fulfilled, and they all move on with a happy attitude with what has been achieved. http://www.businessballs.com/tuckmanformingstormingnormingperforming.htm Scenario: To make the individual benefit from this theory would be by making sure the individual is introduced in the group session that he goes to and that he feels comfortable in the environment. This theory may not be beneficial for all individuals it depends on the situation and if it suits them for example some that has learning difficulties as they may not be able to handle being in a group of people at one time, also people that have mental health problems. Open posture is when you body shows that you are listening to the service user. Showing that you are interested in the conversation, also it can show that you care about them. Also things like putting your arm around the service user by showing that you care and that you are there to listen and comfort them. This can put a bond between you and your social worker. Tone- the tone of your voice is very important as it affects the way the service user responds to you. Your voice should sound something like: – Clear (able to hear) – Upbeat – Welcoming – Under control – Warm feeling to the voice. http://www.impactcommunicationsinc.com/pdf/nwsltr_2001/ICINwsltrph0106.pdf for example if the care worker’s tone is loud and moody and sounds like they’re not bothered then the service user will want to get out of the room as they feel that the care worker doesn’t care and has no respect. This also can make them feel scared and humiliated as the care worker isn’t showing that they care and are bothered about them. But on the other hand it can be that the care worker is talking nicely with a tone that as a warm feeling to it, and that is upbeat and is clear. The service user feels that they are cared for respected for, this makes them want to say and makes them comfortable in the situation so will open up and tell you what’s wrong with them also they feel more relaxed and calm. http://psychology.about.com/od/nonverbalcommunication/a/nonverbaltypes.htm Body language/posture- this is important in communication because it can show lots of information through it, as it can show your feelings and your attitude through it. For example: – Arms/legs crossed- this can come across as doesn’t want to know, doesn’t care, but in different circumstances it can mean that they are scared to open up and can show as an barrier meaning ;don’t come to close to me’. – Head down- this can come across as shy, doesn’t want to know about the problems issues you have. Also showing no eye contact can be real rod if the service user is talking to the care worker and there’s no eye contact can show that you aren’t listening to them. And may feel uncomfortable – Nodding- this show that you are listening to the service user and that you understand what they are saying to you. This can make the service user feel reassured that somebody understands them and that they aren’t alone. How to cite Communication in care settings, Papers

Christian World View The Image of God

Question: Describe about the Christian World View for The Image of God. Answer: The Image of God Throughout Our lives we have heard about that weve made of Image of God, this one is a nice thought which is needed to know whenever needed to know our own value. The Image of God is made to understand the self-evaluation of a person, everyone got a image of god, it means you are not a God but You are like God for own self. Its just like a reminder for own value. In the Genesis 1:26-27, God explains that Let us make man in our Image of God he created him in male and female. The meaning of the word Image in Latin is imago Dei which means shadow and Likeliness. A person who believes to be a part of God and an image of God in him will feel a great pleasure and completeness. This provides them a sense of Greatness which is required by them. This is known as Image of God when peoples start to feel it within themselves. Sometimes it also has some negative impact on peoples like believing they are God as well they are someone who can control the movement of something. This sometimes becomes painful and disastrous for the peoples. (Neil, 1962) According to the fathers of the church the term image and likeliness which is described and understood do not mean the same thing. The image can be termed a power by which everyone is endowed with the God since our existence in the world. By making proper us of being based upon the Image of the god we can acquire the ability Gods likeness. These are something which is necessary a man should inherit. A person can have Image of God which means he/she may have the Qualities which a person inherits, someone can be creative because God is creative. In the Bible it's described that the god has created heavens and Earth. This can be related to the creativity of a human. An artist is creative as he can paint something creative, an actor is creative as he can do something creative role in the film. A manufacturer is creative because he can make a thing in which creativity is needed; architecture is creative because he is building something creative. The Image is truer and stronger concept in todays world than before, as we know we are something because of a special Quality and Image in ourselves. This has become the measure in which peoples are being measured in present time. We care more about the talents and gifts a person inherits not of his true character. (Milne, 2009) The image which explains that a person communicates because God Communicate, as stated in Genesis 1:3, God said let there be light. Human is superior to any other creature of the world because we can think a reason behind everything, we can use symbols and arts in our communication. This is a special quality which a person inherits; everyone should communicate with the society where they are living in. Its said that someone is intelligent because God is intelligent, logical thoughts flow through the Gods mind, as a result, we can think critically because of its will make an impact on a persons ability to think logically. As we all have some different level of intelligence though we can make it better and more proper by analyzing it as a God image. (Leaney, 1973) Irenaeus made a significant difference between the Gods images, which he has identified as the human reason and the moral freedom. We have lost the likeness with the image of God in fall; this was mainly interpreted in the medieval period and made an optimistic view in the Human nature. Luther in his works stated that there is some parallelism with the Hebrew which describes the image of the God and the likeness as the same concept. As per Luthers views, the Image of God is totally lost and that can be regenerated only by the Holy spirits. There are different views regarding how the image is lost due to fall. A concept which shows that the image of God provides us the qualities which separate us from the animals. They're different qualities of the image of Gods in which some I have already explained in the above parts. Though its stated that communication and rationality are also present in the animals, the qualities in some other cases qualities are not seen as a Gods image rather than its seen as a relationship with the God. Some theologies demonstrate it as our role playing to represent the God in the earth. As per the Milnes views, the bible does not refer to a total loss of the image of God. Some Dutch scholars such as A.Kuyper argues about the connection in the common grace, and God restraints the worst effects of the fall and renders social life tolerable for humankind (Milne, 2009) Its stated by the many scientist and authors that the image of which is described in the Genesis is something which is needed for the Spiritual perfection in the human being which was lost during the fall. It explains that men are being created by the God with some special qualities which are not present in the animals and other creatures (Thompson,). But genesis also explained in later that the image of the God is the likeliness, not the image. Authors have claimed that the image of God does not relate with the spiritual perfection, as the creator was aware that the humans will do the sin. Martin Luther also claimed that the image of original righteousness which is completely lost in the fall. John Calvin similarly makes a distinguished relationship between the image of God and the destruction of it due to sin. Later on, he has made a less hardcore assumption and differentiated it as completely lost and partially lost. As stated by Feinberg the image of God in present time is in the corrupted and impaired state. He stated that the present theory regarding the image of the God is not actually the same but it is changed with the time. There are some debates over the likeliness, as per the Jim Schicatano views, the Image and likeness are two different things. The likeliness means for someone who possesses some of the qualities of a person. As it could be true a person cant possess all the characteristics of God. As per his views a person cannot possess the qualities of god such as Wisdom, perfection, and creativity like a God (Jim, ). There are also some different views of the authors who has different views regarding the image and the Likeliness. The Image and the God and the likeliness does not differ from each other. The church fathers always suggested a distinction between the two words. The Greek of the image is taste whereas the Latin of the Likeliness is the Demuth. As per the fathers view, the tselem is referred as the physical state and the mamuth stands for the ethical state of a person (Feinberg, 1972). It related that the image is the unchanging part of a person whereas the likeliness is the changeable part. Thus, the image could be something different or a person but the later could be lost with the generation to generation (Crawford, 1966). Schicatano believes that the humans are like God humans as they have given preference over other creatures. As the GOD is responsible for the creation of the universe so as we are responsible for our world. This narrates the terms such as the image of God as this provides the sense as we have created and maintaining our own world. I think somewhat this is necessary and necessary as well. However its duty of the human kind so that they can make it worth living, it believed that the God has created the world as per his own likeliness as now we have to manage and made the world as per his views. We are just doing our own parts of contribution in this regard. This must note taken as Granted as we all are answerable to the God in this regard. (Ross, 1983)) There is also some debate over these views of the likeliness and the Image of the God. Some authors debated whether the image of God and the Likeliness is referred as the domination of the lower creatures by the Human or its something e lse. As stated by the Norman Snith in the Expository times, 1974 he has claimed that the meaning of all these things is that the Man is an agent of the God who is responsible for the representing all the creatures living in this world. As humans are given special privileged over the other creature like the ability to understand and express the things as well as the quality of Creativeness which is not given to any other creature so we are responsible for the perfect management of the world which is made by the God and managed by the humans so that It would remain same as God wanted. Dominion over the earth by the human being is described as the influence of the image or the likeness of the God ( Keil, 1996). As stated by the William M baker the presence of the Likeliness of the God in the Human which makes them able to exercise the dominion over the world is itself not the image but somewhat closer to the God (Baker, 1991). Conclusion As a human being, we may not be able to understand the meaning of these phrases but it's in deep in our perception. After extensive research many theologians and the researchers as well Christian orthodox believes that we are still in the image of the God. With many different views regarding these concepts, most of the Christian Orthodox and theologies believe that we have been made in the Image of God and thats why we are capable of determining our own destiny. We have the ability to increase our knowledge and the wisdom so that we can manage the world which was created by the God as per his likeliness. This is a highly debatable topic and many scholars have expressed their views regarding this, many have described different sources which are responsible for it. As we know there are many Qualities of the Human beings which are described in the Genesis, which is later sources as evidence by the authors and scholars as a Proof that the humans are the image of Good who are responsible for the control and maintenance of the World. Bibleography P.R. Ackroyd, A.R.C.Leaney, and J.W.Packer, eds., The Cambridge Bible Commentary: Genesis 1-11 (Cambridge: At The University Press, 1973), pp.24-25 The Broadman Bible Commentary, Vol.1 (Nashville: Broadman Press, 1973), p.125 William Neil, Harper's Bible Commentary, (New York and Evanston: Harper Row, Publishers, 1962), p.16 Jim, .S, CREATED IN THE IMAGE AND LIKENESS OF GOD Hugh Ross, Genesis One: A Scientific Perspective, Rev. Ed. (Pasadena, CA: Reasons To Believe, 1983), p.13 Henry M. Morris, The Genesis Record (Grand Rapids, Michigan: Baker Book House, 1976), p.74 Milne, .b, 2009, Know the Truth: A Handbook of Christian Belief, Interversity press

Speech fear of the unknown free essay sample

When we were young, how many of us were afraid of monsters? Many of us, if not all, were once afraid of the monsters that were hiding in our closets, under our beds, or waiting in the attic. Maybe many of us still are. Parents would sometimes use this fear to their advantages. They would make us clean our rooms or do our homework, but If we did not, they tell us that the boogieman would come find us at night. The fear of the unknown is an excellent weapon to be used to gain ultimate power over others; many of us have experienced It, or even used It.In the Webster dictionary, It states that xenophobia Is the fear and hatred of strangers or foreigners. This fear and hatred acts as a weapon because people tend to fear what they do not understand or know. They try to Ignore the problem and think It will go away. We will write a custom essay sample on Speech: fear of the unknown or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In the early 19005, many Canadians were xenophobic. They placed a head tax over the Chinese and let only a certain amount of them come Into Canada each year. They were afraid that the Chinese would take over their culture. However, as years passed, Canadians have come to understand different cultures and religions, and accepted people for who they were.Fear is experienced by everyone on a daily basis. Some people may fear getting to school late because of traffic, doing something wrong at work and getting in trouble with their boss, or some even getting in trouble with their wives. Hopefully no one here has had to experience with that yet. However, in places like Africa or the countries of the middle-east, people there experience a different kind of fear. A primal fear for their own survival; at any minute their lives could end, terminated suddenly without warning or notice. This fear they are experiencing is of the future.What happens now can be very different from what happens tomorrow. Soldiers in general, are controlled by this fear to fight. They fight to live for the next day and the day after. Everyone has experienced fear. Even as a child, fear was part of our daily lives. It Is always part of us and we can never control it. The fear of the unknown can be used as weapon to gain ultimate power over others. This is used in the cases of xenophobia and war. A great man by the name of Franklin Roosevelt once said, The only thing we have to fear is fear Itself.Speech: fear of the unknown By ran UT if we did not, they tell us that the boogieman would come find us at night. The others; many of us have experienced it, or even used it. In the Webster dictionary, it states that xenophobia is the fear and hatred of to fear what they do not understand or know. They try to ignore the problem and think it will go away. In the early asses, many Canadians were xenophobic. They placed a head tax over the Chinese and let only a certain amount of them come into Everyone has experienced fear. Even as a child, fear was part of our daily lives. It is only thing we have to fear is fear itself.

Master harold and the boys essays

Master harold and the boys essays Racist Attitudes and Their Influences in Master Harold ... and the boys We have all heard the saying that the rich keep getting richer while the poor keep getting poorer. This somewhat describes South Africa in the 1950s. During this time in Africa, the white people kept getting more powerful while the black population kept getting weaker. South Africas apartheid system gave powerful odds to the whites and created a racist society. In Master Harold ... and the boys, a book set around the 1950s and during the apartheid system, the racist attitudes from the apartheid system and Hallys parents affected how Hally treated Sam and Willie, who are black and work for Hallys mother. These attitudes over-shadowed the good relationship Sam and Hally had built through most of Hallys childhood. Apartheid was a system that deliberately set out to humiliate black people, even to the point of relegating them to separate benches, entails the danger of habitual indifference to the everyday detail that shape black and white relationship and finally, perverts them. (Durbach 69). South Africa passed laws and acts making the black peoples lives degrading and ensured the white superiority. Four laws were passed in 1950 which included the Population Registration Act, Group Areas Act, the Amendment to the Immorality Act, and the suppression of the Communism Act. These laws did several things including classified people by color, governed areas for living according to race and controlled ownership of property, prohibited sexual contact across racial lines, and removed due process of laws for blacks. (Durbach 69). Apartheid was used in South Africa because the whites, while a minority in the population, wanted to be in control of the government and society. The way anything that is smaller in size, and therefore weaker, is able to get power is through intimidation. The whites made themselves...

Tituba and The Salem Witch Trials of 1692

Tituba and The Salem Witch Trials of 1692 Tituba was among the first three people accused of being a witch during the Salem witch trials of 1692. She confessed to witchcraft and accused others. Tituba, also known as Tituba Indian, was a  household slave and servant whose birth and death dates are unknown. Tituba Biography Little is known of Titubas background or even origin. Samuel Parris, later to play a central role in the Salem witch trials of 1692 as the village minister, brought three enslaved persons with him when he came to Massachusetts from New Spain Barbados in the Caribbean. We can guess from the circumstances that Parris obtained ownership of Tituba in Barbados, probably when she was twelve or a few years older. We do not know if he obtained such ownership in settlement of a debt, though that story has been accepted by some. Parris was, at the time he was in New Spain, not yet married and not yet a minister. When Samuel Parris moved to Boston from New Spain, he brought Tituba,  John Indian and a young boy with him as household slaves. In Boston, he married and later became a minister. Tituba served as a housekeeper. In Salem Village Rev. Samuel Parris moved to Salem Village in 1688, a candidate for the position of Salem Village minister. In about 1689, Tituba and John Indian seem to have married. In 1689 Parris was formally called as the minister, given a full deed to the parsonage, and the Salem Village church charter was signed. Tituba would not likely have been directly involved in the growing church conflict involving Rev. Parris. But since the controversy included withholding salary and payment in firewood, and Parris complained about the effect on his family, Tituba probably would also have felt the shortage of firewood and food in the house. She would also have likely been aware of the unrest in the community when raids were launched in New England, starting up again in 1689 (and called King Williams War), with New France using both French soldiers and local Indians to fight against the English colonists. Whether she was aware of the political conflicts around Massachusetts status as a colony is not known. Whether she was aware of Rev. Parris sermons in late 1691 warning of Satans influence in town is also not known, but it seems likely that his fears were known in his household. Afflictions and Accusations Begin In early 1692, three girls with connections to the Parris household began to exhibit strange behavior. One was Elizabeth (Betty) Parris, the nine-year-old daughter of Rev. Parris and his wife. Another was Abigail Williams, age 12, called kinfolk or a niece of Rev. Parris. She may have served as a household servant and a companion to Betty. The third girl was Ann Putnam Jr., who was the daughter of a key supporter of Rev. Parris in the Salem Village church conflict. There is no source before the latter half of the 19th century, including transcripts of testimony in the examinations and trials, that supports the idea that Tituba and the girls who were accusers practiced any magic together. To find out what was causing the afflictions, a local doctor (presumably William Griggs) and a neighboring minister, Rev. John Hale, were called in by Parris. Tituba later testified that she saw visions of the devil and witches swarming. The doctor diagnosed the cause of the afflictions as Evil Hand. A neighbor of the Parris family, Mary Sibley, advised John Indian and possibly Tituba to make a witchs cake to identify the cause of the initial afflictions of Betty Parris and Abigail Williams. The next day, Betty and Abigail named Tituba as a cause of their behavior. Tituba was accused by the young girls of appearing to them (as a spirit), which amounted to an accusation of witchcraft. Tituba was questioned about her role. Rev. Parris beat Tituba to try to get a confession from her. Tituba Arrested and Examined On February 29, 1692, an arrest warrant was issued for Tituba in Salem Town. Arrest warrants were also issued for Sarah Good and Sarah Osborne. All three of the accused were examined the next day at Nathaniel Ingersolls tavern in Salem Village by local magistrates Jonathan Corwin and John Hathorne. In that examination, Tituba confessed, naming both Sarah Osborne and Sarah Good as witches and describing their spectral movements, including meeting with the devil. Sarah Good claimed her innocence but implicated Tituba and Osborne. Tituba was questioned for two more days. Titubas confession, by the rules of the court, kept her from being tried later with others, including those who were eventually found guilty and executed. Tituba apologized for her part, saying she loved Betty and meant her no harm. She included in her confession complicated tales of witchcraft all compatible with English folk beliefs, not voodoo as some have alleged. Tituba herself went into a fit, claiming to be afflicted. After the magistrates finished their examination of Tituba, she was sent to jail. While she was imprisoned, two others accused her of being one of two or three women whose specters theyd seen flying. John Indian, through the trials, also had a number of fits when present for the examination of accused witches. Some have speculated that this was a way of deflecting further suspicion of himself or his wife. Tituba herself is hardly mentioned in the records after her initial arrest, examination, and confession. The Rev. Parris promised to pay the fee to allow Tituba to be released from prison. Under the rules of the colony, similar to rules in England, even someone found innocent had to pay for expenses incurred to imprison and feed them before they could be released. But Tituba recanted her confession, and Parris never paid the fine, presumably in retaliation for her recantation. After the Trials The next spring, the trials ended and various imprisoned individuals were released once their fines were paid. Someone paid seven pounds for Titubas release. Presumably, whoever paid the fine had purchased Tituba from Parris. The same person may have purchased John Indian; they both disappear from all known records after Titubas release. A few histories mention a daughter, Violet, who remained with the Parris family. Tituba in Fiction Arthur Miller includes Tituba in his 1952 play, The Crucible, which uses the Salem witch trials as a metaphor or analogy to 20th century McCarthyism, the pursuit, and blacklisting of accused Communists. Tituba is depicted in Millers drama as initiating witchcraft as play among the girls of Salem Village.In 1964, Ann Petry published Tituba of Salem Village, written for children ten and older.Maryse Condà ©, a French Caribbean writer, published I, Tituba: Black Witch of Salem which argues that Tituba was of black African heritage.   Tituba Bibliography In addition to mentions in the other resources in the general Salem Witch trials bibliography, these references may be especially helpful in learning about Tituba: Elaine Breslaw. Tituba, Reluctant Witch of Salem: Devilish Indians and Puritan Fantasies. 1996.Chadwick Hansen. The Metamorphosis of Tituba, or Why American Intellectuals Cant Tell an Indian Witch from a Negro. The New England Quarterly, March 1974.Bernard Rosenthal. Titubas Story. The New England Quarterly, June 1998.Bernard Rosenthal. Dark Eve. Spellbound: Women and Witchcraft in America. Edited by Elizabeth Ries. 1998.

Critical Review of Contemporary NPD Issues Essay - 1

Critical Review of Contemporary NPD Issues - Essay Example The latter, on the other hand, focuses on NPD best practices and the standard by which they can be measured or judged. According to Goffin & Koners (2011), performing case studies were a better method of learning the issues regarding NPD, rather that performing reviews of already done projects. This is because of the accuracy and level of flexibility this method brings along. The authors noted that this method was able to capture more lessons that individuals have learnt from NPD while much of the learning of the Post Projects Review was not captured. This was attributed to the fact that it is hard to capture experiences once they have passed. The results and findings are highly accurate because they are based on what the responses were from the majority of the interviewees. The data analysis for the case studies was carried out in four stages, some with iteration. This may have been time consuming or expensive, but, on the other hand, it would result to high quality findings which can be compared and contrasted against each other. The first phase was to analyse the repertory grids. The lessons learnt from individuals working on NPD projects were documented and involved issues concerning: organizational complexity, time constraints, budget, learning, problem solving, project objectives, and resources. According to Jan (2006), these are important issues of consideration when an organisation wants to embark on NPD. I view these findings as reliable and accurate. They are based on facts collected first hand and analysed using reliable software. The second phase was to analyse the minutes of Post-Project Reviews. The 19 minutes of PPRs were coded with extreme care being taken. Detailed understanding was obtained from the repertory grid interviews, and hence the same coding scheme was used for the PPRs minutes. A total of 56 lessons were documented. Unfortunately, only relatively few